Chain stitch

Chain stitch consists of a series of interlocking loops, each held in place by the next.
Chain stitch is one the oldest and most widely known stitches in existence. Examples have been found in Egypt on textiles from Tutankhamun’s tomb, dated to the 14th century BC; on embroideries found in Pazyryk tombs dating from 4th-3rd century BC (excavated in southern Siberia but probably originating in China). Later evidence from China indicates the stitch was the most prevalent stitch there until the T’ang dynasty towards the end of the first millennium AD.
Archaeological finds in Berenike, Egypt and Mammen, Denmark, (dating from the 4th and 10th centuries respectively) show that it continued to be used. By the medieval period, chain stitch was being used in Opus teutonicum whitework (centred in Germany, Switzerland and southern Scandinavia), it was one among a variety of stitches in Icelandic embroidery and featured on the 13th century Syon Cope.
Jacobean crewel work (which dates from 17th century Britain) employed chain stitch from the 17th century onwards, both as an outline and a filling stitch. By the early 18th century chain stitch was one of the typical stitches in American Candlewick embroidery.

































Method
Bring your needle up and down in the same hole, leaving a large loop on the surface of the fabric.
Bring the needle up again at the point you wish to anchor your loop, making sure you bring the needle up inside the loop.
Hold the needle in the fabric with your surface hand while you use your underside hand to pull through the slack of the loop by tightening against the needle.
Bring the needle and thread all the way through to the surface.
Form the second chain by taking the needle back through the same hole.
Continue along the design line to the end, then secure the last loop with a holding stitch.

Structure of stitch
Chain Stitch consists of a series of interlocking loops, each held in place by the next.
Common uses
Embroidery Techniques
Variant Stitches


















Identifying Chain stitch
Consecutive loops in a row, each held in place by the proceeding loop. Can be decorated with backstitch through each loop, or whipped around each loop.
References
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Anchor Embroidery, 100 Embroidery Stitches
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Kate Haxell, The Stitch Bible (2012)
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Sarah Whittle, The Needlecraft Stitch Directory (2012)
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Various Authors, The Royal School of Needlework Book of Embroidery (2018)
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Jacqui McDonald, RSN Essential Stitch Guides: Crewelwork (2010)
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Becky Hogg, RSN Essential Stitch Guides: Blackwork (2010)
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Sheila Paine, Embroidered Textiles - Traditional Patterns from Five Continents (1990) , p.25, p.29
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Jennifer Campbell, Ann-Marie Bakewell, Guide to Embroidery Stitches (2004) , p.30
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W.G. Paulson Townsend, Louisa F. Pesel, Walter Crane, Embroidery or the Craft of the Needle (1907) , p.112
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Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood, 'Chain Stitch', TRC Leiden (2017). Available at: https://trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/techniques/embroidery/embroidery-stitches/chain-stitch (Accessed: 12 August 2021)
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Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood, 'Cross stitch', TRC Leiden (2017). Available at: https://trcleiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/europe-and-north-america/embroideries/cross-stitch-embroidery (Accessed: 20 August 2012)
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Willem Vogelsang, 'Pazyryk needlework', TRC Leiden (2017). Available at: https://www.trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/individual-textiles-and-textile-types/fragments-and-panels/pazyryk-needlework (Accessed: 20 August 2021)
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Schuyler Cammann. (1962) 'Embroidery Techniques in Old China', Archives of the Chinese Art Society of America pp.16-40. Available at: https://www.jstor.org/stable/20067040
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Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood, 'Berenike', TRC Leiden (2017). Available at: https://www.trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/middle-east-and-north-africa/ancient-middle-east-and-north-africa/berenike-egypt (Accessed: 20 August 2012)
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Willem Vogelsang, 'Viking embroidery', TRC Leiden (2017). Available at: https://www.trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/europe-and-north-america/embroideries/viking-embroidery (Accessed: 20 August 2012)
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Gillian Vogelsang-Eastwood, 'Opus Teutonicum', TRC Leiden (2017). Available at: https://www.trc-leiden.nl/trc-needles/regional-traditions/europe-and-north-america/embroideries/opus-teutonicum (Accessed: 20 August 2012)
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Ada Wentworth Fitzwilliam, A. F. Morris Hands, Jacobean Embroidery: Its Forms and Fillings Including Late Tudor (1912) , p.xviii
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Elsa E. Gudjonsson. (1982) 'Traditional Icelandic Embroidery', Reykjavik Icelandic Review. Available at: https://www.scribd.com/doc/50608406/Traditional-Icelandic-Embroidery
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W.G. Paulson Townsend, Louisa F. Pesel, Walter Crane, Embroidery or the Craft of the Needle (1907) , p.112